Congenital Heart Defect Diseases

Congenital Heart Defect Diseases – Congenital heart disease is an abnormality of structure or function of the cardiovascular system that is found at birth, although it can be found later. Etiology: congenital cardiovascular malformations are generally a result of embryonic development that deviates from the normal structure, or the failure of such structures to evolve beyond the early stage of embryonic or fetal development. Malformations caused by genetic causes are multifactorial and complex environments. Patofisilogi: anatomic and physiologic changes on the heart and circulation caused by congenital kardiosirkulasi specific lesion is not static, but evolve from prenatal life to adulthood, may be clinically significant in adults. So, regardless of detection in childhood, congenital anomalies may be significant in adulthood. Examples congenital aortic valve bikuspidal, normal functionally can thicken and calcify over time, resulting in significant aortic stenosis; or atrial septal defect bypass flow left to right, which was well tolerated, did not result in cardiac decompensation, with or without pulmonary hypertension, until the fourth or fifth decade. Some examples of congenital heart disease include:

Atrium septum defect (ASD)

A. Atrium septum defect (ASD), is a situation where there is a defect in the septum between the atria resulting in direct communication between the left and right atrium. ASD grouped into:

• ASD secundum: The defect occurs in the fossa ovalis.
• ASD sinus venosus: The defect occurs in the mouth of the superior vena cava, causing the connection biatrial
• ASD primum: a part of the atrioventricular septal defect and on the upper bounded by the fossa ovalis while the bottom with atrioventricular valve.

B. Ventricular Septal Defects (VSD), a cardiac disorder which occurs between the ventricular septum defect. The VSD occurs at blood flow from the left ventricle to the right ventricle were mixed between venous arterial blood dengnan without cyanosis.

C. Persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA), merupaka a vascular abnormality which connects the pulmonary artery and aorta in the fetal stage, remain patent until birth.

Ventricular Septal Defects (VSD)

Persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Bibliography
1. Asdie, Ahmad, Prof. 1995. Harrison: Principles of Internal Medicine. Book Medical Publishers EGC: Jakarta.1169
2. Ghanie, Ali. 2014. Textbook of Medicine. InternaPublishing: Central Jakarta. 1254
3. Panggabean, P. 1996. Marulam Medicine. Hall FKUI Publisher: Jakarta. 1134

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